{"id":3538,"date":"2023-08-01T18:20:54","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T16:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/?p=3538"},"modified":"2025-07-25T18:10:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T16:10:23","slug":"anti-inflammatory-and-antioxidative-effects-of-elderberry-diet-in-the-rat-model-of-seizure-a-behavioral-and-histological-investigation-on-the-hippocampus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/scientific-articles\/anti-inflammatory-and-antioxidative-effects-of-elderberry-diet-in-the-rat-model-of-seizure-a-behavioral-and-histological-investigation-on-the-hippocampus\/","title":{"rendered":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of elderberry diet in the rat model of seizure: a behavioral and histological investigation on the hippocampus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3538\" class=\"elementor elementor-3538\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206d55ad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"206d55ad\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b539a12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b539a12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Abstract and Figures<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-xxs nova-legacy-e-text--color-grey-700\"><ul class=\"nova-legacy-e-list nova-legacy-e-list--size-m nova-legacy-e-list--type-inline nova-legacy-e-list--spacing-none\"><li class=\"nova-legacy-e-list__item\">August 2023<\/li><li class=\"nova-legacy-e-list__item\"><a class=\"nova-legacy-e-link nova-legacy-e-link--color-inherit nova-legacy-e-link--theme-decorated\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/journal\/Toxicology-Research-2045-4538?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InByb2ZpbGUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGljYXRpb24iLCJwcmV2aW91c1BhZ2UiOiJwcm9maWxlIn19\">Toxicology Research<\/a>\u00a012(4)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-xxs nova-legacy-e-text--color-grey-700\">DOI:<a class=\"nova-legacy-e-link nova-legacy-e-link--color-inherit nova-legacy-e-link--theme-decorated\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfad070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1093\/toxres\/tfad070<\/a><\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6 style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 28px;\">The present study was designed to evaluate whether elderberry (EB) effectively reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in hippocampal cells to modify seizure damage. Seizure was induced in rats by the injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). In the Seizure + EB group, EB powder was added to the rats\u2019 routine diet for eight consecutive weeks. The study included several behavioral tests, immunohistopathology, Voronoi tessellation (to estimate the spatial distribution of cells in the hippocampus), and Sholl analysis. The results in the Seizure + EB group showed an improvement in the behavioral aspects of the study, a reduction in astrogliosis, astrocyte process length, number of branches, and intersections distal to the soma in the hippocampus of rats compared to controls. Further analysis showed that EB diet increased nuclear factor-like 2 expression and decreased caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus in the Seizure + EB group. In addition, EB protected hippocampal pyramidal neurons from PTZ toxicity and improved the spatial distribution of hippocampal neurons in the pyramidal layer and dentate gyrus. The results of the present study suggest that EB can be considered a potent modifier of astrocyte reactivation and inflammatory responses.<\/h6><\/blockquote><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Mojtaba-Sani-2?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InByb2ZpbGUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGljYXRpb24iLCJwcmV2aW91c1BhZ2UiOiJwcm9maWxlIn19\">Dr. Dr. Mojtaba Sani<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nova-legacy-e-link nova-legacy-e-link--color-inherit nova-legacy-e-link--theme-bare\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Abbas-Aliaghaei?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InByb2ZpbGUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGljYXRpb24iLCJwcmV2aW91c1BhZ2UiOiJwcm9maWxlIn19\"><span class=\"publication-header-author__font-weight-normal\">Dr. Abbas Aliaghaei<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Source Citation<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/373240233_Anti-inflammatory_and_antioxidative_effects_of_elderberry_diet_in_the_rat_model_of_seizure_a_behavioral_and_histological_investigation_on_the_hippocampus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <button style=\"padding: 10px 20px; font-size: 16px; background-color: #0c3a2e; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 6px; cursor: pointer;\"> Visit Source <\/button> <\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f2a2d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"9f2a2d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:3,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Effect-of-EB-on-the-number-of-hippocampal-cells-a-H-E-staining-of-hippocampus-b.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9f2a2d5\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Effect-of-EB-on-the-number-of-hippocampal-cells-a-H-E-staining-of-hippocampus-b\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Effect of EB on the number of hippocampal cells. (a) H&amp;E staining of hippocampus. (b) Total number of the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus was significantly protected in the Seizure+EB group in comparison to the seizure one. Also, EB reduced the ratio of number of neurons to dark neurons (c). Black arrows showed dark neuron. ( *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD (n = 5).\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3dlYi1mcmFua2Z1cnQuZGVcL1NhbmlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9FZmZlY3Qtb2YtRUItb24tdGhlLW51bWJlci1vZi1oaXBwb2NhbXBhbC1jZWxscy1hLUgtRS1zdGFpbmluZy1vZi1oaXBwb2NhbXB1cy1iLndlYnAiLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5ZjJhMmQ1In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Effect-of-EB-on-the-number-of-hippocampal-cells-a-H-E-staining-of-hippocampus-b.webp\" data-width=\"850\" data-height=\"628\" aria-label=\"Effect of EB on the number of hippocampal cells. (a) H&amp;E staining of hippocampus. (b) Total number of the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus was significantly protected in the Seizure+EB group in comparison to the seizure one. Also, EB reduced the ratio of number of neurons to dark neurons (c). Black arrows showed dark neuron. ( *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD (n = 5).\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Effect-of-EB-treatment-on-the-expression-of-the-caspase-3-in-hippocampus-a-and-analyze.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9f2a2d5\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Effect-of-EB-treatment-on-the-expression-of-the-caspase-3-in-hippocampus-a-and-analyze\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Effect of EB treatment on the expression of the caspase-3 in hippocampus (a), and analyze of caspase-3 expression in different groups (b). An increase in caspase-3 expression relative to the control group is clearly detectable in the seizure one. Caspase-3 expression reduced significantly in Seizure+EB rats compared to seizure ones. ( ** P &lt; 0.01; *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU0NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3dlYi1mcmFua2Z1cnQuZGVcL1NhbmlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9FZmZlY3Qtb2YtRUItdHJlYXRtZW50LW9uLXRoZS1leHByZXNzaW9uLW9mLXRoZS1jYXNwYXNlLTMtaW4taGlwcG9jYW1wdXMtYS1hbmQtYW5hbHl6ZS53ZWJwIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOWYyYTJkNSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Effect-of-EB-treatment-on-the-expression-of-the-caspase-3-in-hippocampus-a-and-analyze.webp\" data-width=\"850\" data-height=\"612\" aria-label=\"Effect of EB treatment on the expression of the caspase-3 in hippocampus (a), and analyze of caspase-3 expression in different groups (b). An increase in caspase-3 expression relative to the control group is clearly detectable in the seizure one. Caspase-3 expression reduced significantly in Seizure+EB rats compared to seizure ones. ( ** P &lt; 0.01; *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Effect-of-EB-treatment-on-the-expression-of-the-Nrf2-in-hippocampus-a-and-analyze-of.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9f2a2d5\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Effect-of-EB-treatment-on-the-expression-of-the-Nrf2-in-hippocampus-a-and-analyze-of\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Effect of EB treatment on the expression of the Nrf2 in hippocampus (a), and analyze of Nrf2 expression in different groups (b). A drop in Nrf2 expression in seizure group is clearly detectable. In fact, f luorescence intensity of Nrft2 increase significantly in Seizure+EB rats compared to seizure ones. ( *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU0NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3dlYi1mcmFua2Z1cnQuZGVcL1NhbmlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9FZmZlY3Qtb2YtRUItdHJlYXRtZW50LW9uLXRoZS1leHByZXNzaW9uLW9mLXRoZS1OcmYyLWluLWhpcHBvY2FtcHVzLWEtYW5kLWFuYWx5emUtb2Yud2VicCIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjlmMmEyZDUifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Effect-of-EB-treatment-on-the-expression-of-the-Nrf2-in-hippocampus-a-and-analyze-of.webp\" data-width=\"850\" data-height=\"623\" aria-label=\"Effect of EB treatment on the expression of the Nrf2 in hippocampus (a), and analyze of Nrf2 expression in different groups (b). A drop in Nrf2 expression in seizure group is clearly detectable. In fact, f luorescence intensity of Nrft2 increase significantly in Seizure+EB rats compared to seizure ones. ( *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oronoi-analysis-a-A-micrograph-of-cells-and-schematic-of-voronoi-tessellation-in-the-1.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9f2a2d5\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oronoi-analysis-a-A-micrograph-of-cells-and-schematic-of-voronoi-tessellation-in-the (1)\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Voronoi analysis. (a) A micrograph of cells and schematic of voronoi tessellation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in all groups (b). Mean \u00b1 Standard deviation of Voronoi polygon area (%) and (c) Coefficient of Variation (CV) within the gyrus. ( * P &lt; 0.05; *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU0NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3dlYi1mcmFua2Z1cnQuZGVcL1NhbmlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9vcm9ub2ktYW5hbHlzaXMtYS1BLW1pY3JvZ3JhcGgtb2YtY2VsbHMtYW5kLXNjaGVtYXRpYy1vZi12b3Jvbm9pLXRlc3NlbGxhdGlvbi1pbi10aGUtMS53ZWJwIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOWYyYTJkNSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oronoi-analysis-a-A-micrograph-of-cells-and-schematic-of-voronoi-tessellation-in-the-1.webp\" data-width=\"850\" data-height=\"695\" aria-label=\"Voronoi analysis. (a) A micrograph of cells and schematic of voronoi tessellation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in all groups (b). Mean \u00b1 Standard deviation of Voronoi polygon area (%) and (c) Coefficient of Variation (CV) within the gyrus. ( * P &lt; 0.05; *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oronoi-analysis-a-A-micrograph-of-cells-and-schematic-of-voronoi-tessellation-in-the.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9f2a2d5\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oronoi-analysis-a-A-micrograph-of-cells-and-schematic-of-voronoi-tessellation-in-the\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Voronoi analysis. (a) A micrograph of cells and schematic of voronoi tessellation in the pyramidal layer of hippocampus for groups. (b) Mean \u00b1 Standard deviation of Voronoi polygon area (%) and (c) Coefficient of Variation (CV) within the layer. ( *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU0NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3dlYi1mcmFua2Z1cnQuZGVcL1NhbmlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9vcm9ub2ktYW5hbHlzaXMtYS1BLW1pY3JvZ3JhcGgtb2YtY2VsbHMtYW5kLXNjaGVtYXRpYy1vZi12b3Jvbm9pLXRlc3NlbGxhdGlvbi1pbi10aGUud2VicCIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjlmMmEyZDUifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/oronoi-analysis-a-A-micrograph-of-cells-and-schematic-of-voronoi-tessellation-in-the.webp\" data-width=\"850\" data-height=\"665\" aria-label=\"Voronoi analysis. (a) A micrograph of cells and schematic of voronoi tessellation in the pyramidal layer of hippocampus for groups. (b) Mean \u00b1 Standard deviation of Voronoi polygon area (%) and (c) Coefficient of Variation (CV) within the layer. ( *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The-results-of-the-behavioral-tests-in-three-groups-of-the-investigation-open-field.webp\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9f2a2d5\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"The-results-of-the-behavioral-tests-in-three-groups-of-the-investigation-open-field\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"The results of the behavioral tests in three groups of the investigation, open field; passive avoidance; elevated plus maze; Y maze. EB improved the distance traveled (a) and time in the center compared to the seizure group (b); TDC (c) and STLa (d) as an indicator of long-term memory back to the control level in Seizure+EB group; the data of the elevated plus maze as an indicator of the anxiety showed the percent of OAT (open arm time) (e) and OAE(open arm entry) (f) improve to the control level compare to the seizure group; Two important variables of Y maze, the spontaneous alteration (%) (g) and total arm entries (h), as indicators of working memory demonstrated EB, can recover this variable to the control. ( * P &lt; 0.05; *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU0OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3dlYi1mcmFua2Z1cnQuZGVcL1NhbmlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9UaGUtcmVzdWx0cy1vZi10aGUtYmVoYXZpb3JhbC10ZXN0cy1pbi10aHJlZS1ncm91cHMtb2YtdGhlLWludmVzdGlnYXRpb24tb3Blbi1maWVsZC53ZWJwIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOWYyYTJkNSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The-results-of-the-behavioral-tests-in-three-groups-of-the-investigation-open-field.webp\" data-width=\"850\" data-height=\"658\" aria-label=\"The results of the behavioral tests in three groups of the investigation, open field; passive avoidance; elevated plus maze; Y maze. EB improved the distance traveled (a) and time in the center compared to the seizure group (b); TDC (c) and STLa (d) as an indicator of long-term memory back to the control level in Seizure+EB group; the data of the elevated plus maze as an indicator of the anxiety showed the percent of OAT (open arm time) (e) and OAE(open arm entry) (f) improve to the control level compare to the seizure group; Two important variables of Y maze, the spontaneous alteration (%) (g) and total arm entries (h), as indicators of working memory demonstrated EB, can recover this variable to the control. ( * P &lt; 0.05; *** P &lt; 0.001). The values were expressed as means \u00b1 SD.\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c871d3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c871d3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-l nova-legacy-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-xxs nova-legacy-e-text--color-grey-700 research-detail-figures-legal\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Figures &#8211; uploaded by\u00a0<a class=\"nova-legacy-e-link nova-legacy-e-link--color-inherit nova-legacy-e-link--theme-decorated\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Mohammadamin-Sabbagh-Alvani\">Mohammadamin Sabbagh Alvani<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract and Figures August 2023 Toxicology Research\u00a012(4) DOI:10.1093\/toxres\/tfad070 \u00a0 The present study was designed to evaluate whether elderberry (EB) effectively reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in hippocampal cells to modify seizure damage. Seizure was induced in rats by the injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). In the Seizure + EB group, EB powder was added to the <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neuroscience-regenerative-medicine","category-scientific-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3538"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3708,"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions\/3708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web-frankfurt.de\/Sani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}